The concept of engineering comes from the sciences ofThe engineer and implies that the training activity, like scientific activity, requires great rigor in the conceptualization and production of books, all in compliance with the rules of good practice. THEeducational engineering therefore embraces a methodical, rational and progressive approach. What are the two types of instructional engineering and what are the different phases of instructional engineering?
Two types of educational engineering
The concept of educational engineering is evolving from sequential engineering to concurrent engineering in terms of the construction of training devices:
- L'sequential engineering consists in following a linear manner a set of successive, marked and planned steps in order to produce a device. It requires a relatively stable context and can be used in a protected environment with a clear distinction between actors.
- L'concurrent engineering consists in moving forward through progressive compromises, also called levels, between actors and professions. The process is more flexible and adaptable according to the context. The project manager adopts a steering role rather than a control role. Finally, project management will generally be multidisciplinary.
The phases of educational engineering according to the ADDIE model
We define, according to Model: ADDIE (Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation), 5 steps in the design and implementation of an educational system.
Analysis of the environment
This is the first phase of educational engineering during which the components of the training environment are analyzed that will guide the development of the learning system. These components can be divided into three categories:
- Training needs: these are the competencies targeted as well as their evaluation methods.
- The characteristics of the public.
- Project resources: It's the resources and the constraints
Design: the 2nd phase of educational engineering
The objective of this phase is to formalize the data from the analysis phase in the form of an educational project or specifications.
- Les skills : transformed into educational goals and stated unequivocally. To this must be added an observable result, as well as the observation conditions and the criteria for evaluating the observed effect.
- Les pedagogical strategies : choice of the device and the spatio—temporal and technological framework.
- Les educational resources : techniques (presentation, test, brainstorming, role-playing, playing, simulation, simulation, simulation, tutoring, etc.), tools and materials (manual, transparent, videoconferencing, online courses, forum, tutorials, etc.) associated with situations (face-to-face, in subgroups, in a work situation, etc.) associated with situations (face-to-face, in a subgroup, in a work situation, etc.).
Simple/complex development
During this phase of educational engineering, training tools and materials are built. There are two types of development:
- The simple phase with the development of the trainer's usual techniques and tools that will simply be prepared or updated.
- The complex phase which requires the development of specific tools according to the principle of project management: the selection of content to be publicized, the scripting of educational activities, the production of resources and the control (or evaluation) of the uses of resources.
The establishment: between animation and communication
This phase of instructional engineering consists in disseminating the learning system to the learners. Initially, we participate in the animation of communication and the pedagogical relationship. In a second step, the pedagogical action is monitored.
Assessment: the last phase of educational engineering
Last phase of educational engineering, the evaluation of the educational system in order to regulate and/or improve it. This assessment can be done via:
- The result factors: a training action is evaluated, such as participation rates, user satisfaction, skills transfer, etc.
- Cost factors: direct, participation, structural costs, etc.
